> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.vultisig.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.vultisig.com/security-and-technology.md).

# Security & Technology

- [Vultisig security and TSS](https://docs.vultisig.com/security-and-technology/overview.md): How Vultisig security works. Threshold Signature Schemes (TSS), DKLS23 protocol, keysigning process, and cryptographic foundations explained.
- [How Vultisig signs a transaction](https://docs.vultisig.com/security-and-technology/keysign.md): How Fast Vault and Secure Vault co-sign in Vultisig. QR pairing, on-device verification, broadcast.
- [TSS actions in Vultisig](https://docs.vultisig.com/security-and-technology/tss-actions.md): TSS operations explained: Key Generation (vault creation), Key Signing (transactions), and Resharing (device changes). Core MPC actions.
- [GG20 TSS in Vultisig](https://docs.vultisig.com/security-and-technology/how-gg20-works.md): How Vultisig used GG20 threshold signatures: secret sharing, MPC rounds. Legacy protocol. Current vaults use DKLS23.
- [DKLS23 in Vultisig](https://docs.vultisig.com/security-and-technology/how-dkls23-works.md): DKLS23 is the threshold-signature protocol Vultisig uses now. Fewer rounds than GG20, built with Silence Laboratories.
- [Vultisig vs multisig](https://docs.vultisig.com/security-and-technology/difference-to-multi-sig.md): TSS vs on-chain multisig: no complete private key, works on Bitcoin, normal signature on-chain.
- [Vultisig vs passkeys](https://docs.vultisig.com/security-and-technology/difference-to-passkeys.md): TSS vs passkeys: multi-device threshold, no corporate passkey platform, 36+ chains.
- [Emergency recovery in Vultisig](https://docs.vultisig.com/security-and-technology/emergency-recovery.md): Emergency recovery tool for Vultisig vaults. Reconstruct keys if TSS software becomes unavailable. Last-resort fund recovery process.


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